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The Ciboney
Indians who arrived on Stone Age canoes from the
Americas initially populated the British Virgin
Islands. A few hundred years later, the Arawak
Indians arrived from South America. The Arawaks
settled throughout the Virgin Islands and lead
a simple agricultural lifestyle; they produced
exquisite pottery and ornaments and maintained
a strictly hereditary society. The Arawaks peacefully
dominated the islands for many years until the
arrival of the Carib Indians who worked their
way north from South America about one hundred
years before Christopher Columbus arrived.
The Caribs
were similar in appearance to the Ciboney and
Arawak Indians although they plucked their beards
because they believed them to be a deformity.
The Caribs also flattened the fronts and backs
of their children's heads to make them beautiful
and, they scarred and painted their own bodies
for the same purpose. The Caribs were a fierce
and aggressive bunch who terrorized the entire
Caribbean with their territorial and warlike behavior.
When the Caribs came upon a settlement, they would
raid and pillage whatever was worth removing including
women and children (they fattened up young boys
for eating-the Caribs were cannibals). The Caribs
practiced euthanasia and blamed all unpleasant
occurrences on evil spirits. The Caribs continued
their warlike behavior as late as 1620, in some
ways; one could say that they were the Caribbeans
first true pirates.
Colombus discovered
the islands in 1493 on his second voyage to the
New World and as legend would have it, named them
"Las Once Mil Virgines", after the 11,000
followers of St. Ursula. Virgin Gorda was so named
by Columbus because he thought the island resembled
a reclining woman with a protruding belly when
viewed from the sea. The Spaniards, the most powerful
nation in Europe during the time began to settle
and lay claim to the West Indies and in 1555 they
sent forces that invaded the islands, defeated
the Caribs and officially laid claim to the territory.
For almost a century the islands were considered
too small and unimportant for Spanish settlement
therefore, during the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries, they were mainly uninhabited. As the
other European countries challenged the Spaniards
for control of the territory, some hearty French
settlers colonialized the islands. They made their
living by barbecuing beef in smokehouses called
boucans, which they sold to passing ships. The
Spaniards drove them off the islands and in revenge;
they took to the sea where they began hunting
Spanish ships. The term Buccaneer became the word
used for these pirates and as time passed, more
joined the ranks as out of work naval crews drifted
through the area. Many of these pirates terrorized
the Caribbean shipping lanes with the blessing
of one European country or another, provided that
they only attacked ships with the Spanish ensign.
The defeat of the Spanish Armada brought times
of peace and settlement to the area; pirates were
rounded up and punished while others settled peacefully
in the territory. Many of the islands, Norman,
named after a French pirate; Thatch, named after
Edward Thatch (or Teach-commonly known as Blackbeard),
and others still bear their names. Other notable
pirates in Caribbean history include: Charles
Vane, Edward England, Calico Jack and Anne Bonny!!
Although the
islands were claimed by England as early as 1628,
the Dutch were the first true settlers, arriving
at Soper's Hole at the West End of Tortola in
1648. In 1666 British planters took over control
of the island group from the original Dutch settlers.
The islands attained the status of British colony,
and remained part of the Leeward Islands from
1872 until 1956, when the British Virgin Islands
became a separately administered entity. To preserve
its close economic ties with the U.S. Virgin Islands,
the group did not join the 1958-1962 West Indies
Federation of British Virgin Islands. In 1967,
a new constitution provided for a ministerial
system of government headed by a Chief Minister.
The island group remains under British control
today.
Heir sheltered,
clear blue sailing waters and the stunning beauty
of the mountainous islands, the British Virgin
Islands lie some 60 miles east of Puerto Rico.
Although there are over 50 islands, rocks and
cays dotting our sparkling blue sea, many of them
are uninhabited. Chiefly volcanic in origin, with
the exception of Anegada, which is a coral and
limestone atoll, most of the islands are grouped
around the Sir Francis Drake Channel, named after
the daring British adventurer who launched an
attack against the Spanish from the islands in
1595. The British Virgin Islands enjoy a balmy
sub-tropical climate, plied by the constant tradewinds.
Temperatures rarely drop below 77 F In winter
or rise above 90 F in the summer. The night temperatures
vary by only 10 F. The warm clear waters offer
superb conditions for all water activities, whilst
the many unspoiled beaches make relaxation a pleasure.
Many areas
of the British Virgin Islands are now under the
protection of a National Parks Trust, a body established
by the government to conserve and manage the natural
beauty of the islands. These range from the highest
point of Tortola, Sage Mountain, a well established
forest, to the marine dive site of the wreck of
the RMS Rhone. Although some of the islands are
still uninhabited, a fine selection of hotels,
restaurants and shops can be found, together with
up to date medical facilities and communications
systems. The main airport at Beef Island offers
many connections, throughout the Caribbean gateway
cities, to the USA, Canada, South America, the
UK and Europe.
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