Axes with the same function have different structural shapes. This is because there are many factors that affect the structural shape of the shaft, including the size, direction, nature, and distribution of the load, the number and installation position of the parts on the shaft, the positioning method, the manufacturing process, and production scale of the shaft.
The task of the structural design of the shaft is to reasonably determine the structural shape and all dimensions of the shaft based on the positioning requirements of the parts on the shaft and the machining and assembly process requirements of the shaft, while meeting the requirements of strength, stiffness, and vibration stability.
The principles of structural design for shafts are: (1) reasonable force distribution, which is conducive to improving the strength and stiffness of the shaft, and (2) the shaft and its components have a determined working position. Ensure reliable positioning of the shaft relative to the frame, and reliable axial and circumferential positioning of the components on the shaft; (3) The shaft has good structural processability, including: easy processing and manufacturing, low stress concentration on the shaft, material saving, light weight, convenient assembly, disassembly and adjustment of parts on the shaft, ensuring that each part can freely pass through the front shaft segments without damaging its surface when assembled onto the shaft, regardless of its fitting properties. (4) Special requirements such as blank manufacturing, flaw detection, transportation, and lifting should also be considered for heavy-duty shafts.